- Immunohistochemical Expression of CD117, CD34, Vimentin and alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.
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Jong Kuk Kim, O Jun Kwon, Byung Heon Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(6):506-512.
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 Abstract
- BACKGROUND
The interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC), the cell of origin for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), expresses CD117 (c-kit) which is a receptor for KIT ligand in cell membranes. It is immunohistochemically positive for CD117, CD34 and vimentin, but not for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA).
METHODS
We performed the immunohistochmical study with anti-CD117, anti-CD34, anti-VMT and anti-alpha-SMA in paraffin-embedded tissue of 28 GISTs and 19 smooth muscle tumors arising in the gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, omentum and retroperitoneum (GISMT) to determine the precise nature of GIST cells.
RESULTS
The positive rates of CD117, CD34 and vimentin in extraGISTs were significantly higher than in GISMTs. The positive rate of alpha-SMA in GIST was not significantly different than in GISMTs.
CONCLUSIONS
A subset of GISTs may express alpha-SMA as well as CD117 and the cell of their origin may be a ICC precursor cell which is capable of differentiating bidirectionally into ICC and smooth muscle cell. This explains why GISTs may arise out of gut where ICC is not present and that they may represent the tumors arising from ICC precursor cell present around the gastrointestinal tract.
- Immunocytochemical Expression of E-cadherin in Cell Blocks of Serous Effusions.
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Byung Heon Kim, O Jun Kwon
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2001;12(2):81-88.
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Abstract
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- The differentiation between reactive mesothelial and carcinoma cells in serous effusion cytology can be a diagnostic challenge based on morphology alone. The expression of some cell adhesion molecules may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. This study evaluated the usefulness of E-cadherin immunocytochemistry for discrimination of carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells. Alcohol fixed, paraffin embedded cell blocks taken from 42 reactive and 102 malignant serous effusions with histologically confirmed diagnoses were immunostained with monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin by LSAB method. E-cadherin expression was identified in only 2 benign reactive serous effusions(5%) whereas 91 malignant serous effusions(89%) expressed E-cadherin. The differences in immunostaining for E-cadherin between reactive and malignant serous effusions were statistically significant(p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the E-cadherin immunostaining for carcinoma cells were 89% and 95%, respectively. In conclusion, E-cadherin is a useful diagnostic adjunct for differentiation between reactive mesothelial and carcinoma cells in serous effusions.
- Utility of Calretinin in Distinction between Benign Reactive Mesothelial and Carcinoma Cells in Serous Effusions.
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Byung Heon Kim
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2001;12(2):89-96.
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Abstract
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- The cytological distinction of carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells in serous effusions may be difficult or impossible based on morphology alone, especially in specimens containing reactive mesothelial cells which form glandular or ball- or papillary-shaped conglomerates or which mimic malignant nuclear features. Calretinin is a newly reported immunocytochemical marker for mesothelial cells, which can potentially be utilized for facilitating this distinction. This study evaluated the usefulness of calretinin for the discrimination between reactive mesothelial and metastatic carcinoma cells in serous effusion. Immunocytochemical staining was undertaken on 33 benign reactive and 87 malignant serous effusion specimens with histologically confirmed diagnoses. The specimens including smears and cell blocks were stained with polyclonal antibody to calretinin by labelled streptavidin-biotin method. The positive expression of calretinin was noted in 32(97.0%) of 33 benign reactive effusions and 9(10.3%) of 87 malignant effusions. The sensitivity and specificity of the calretinin immunostaining for reactive mesothelial cells was 97.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In conclusion, calretinin is a useful marker for distinguishing between reactive mesothelial cells and carcinoma cells in serous effusions.
- Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 Proteins in Metastatic Carcinoma of Neck Lymph Node and Corresponding Primary Carcinoma.
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Jong Kook Kim, O Jun Kwon, Byung Heon Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(9):615-624.
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Abstract
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- This study was carried out to evaluate the immunohistochemical expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins in 114 cases of metastatic carcinoma of the neck lymph node (MTLNCA) and corresponding primary carcinoma (PRCA). The positive expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins were 62.3%, 58.8% and 64.0%, respectively in PRCA, and 40.4%, 38.6%, and 43.9%, respectively in MTLNCA with significant down-regulation from PRCA to MTLNCA (p<0.05).
The down-regulation was correlated with female gender, moderate and poor differentiation, and adenocarcinoma in p53 protein, female gender, respiratory and gastrointestinal carcinoma in E-cadherin protein, and female gender, respiratory carcinoma, moderate differentiation, and squamous cell carcinoma in nm23 protein (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship among expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins seem to be down-regulated from PRCA to MTLNCA and this down-regulation may play a role in invasion and metastasis.
- Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 Protein, Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor in Soft Tissue Leiomyosarcoma and Its Significance.
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Byung Heon Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(11):1015-1024.
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Abstract
- This study was carried out to evaluate the expressions of the p53 protein, the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), as well as the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathologic prognostic factors with storage duration of a paraffin block, and correlation between the p53 protein, the ER and the PR expressions in 29 cases of leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue.
The expressions of the p53 protein, the ER and the PR were semiquantiatively analyzed in paraffin sections by the immunohistochemical method out of 29 cases the p53 protein, ER and PR were expressed in 9 (31.0%), 2 (6.9%) and 5 (17.2%), respectively. The expression of the p53 protein was not significantly associated with sex, age, anatomic site, tumor size, tumor depth, histological differentiation or mitotic rate (p>0.05), but statistically correlated to storage duration of a paraffin block (p=0.028). There was no significant relationship between the expression of the ER and all the clinocopathological prognostic factors with storage duration of a paraffin block (p>0.05). The expression of the PR was related to the histological differentiation (p=0.02), but not related to other clinicopathological prognostic parameters and storage duration of a paraffin block (p>0.05). The expression of the p53 protein and the PR had a significant relationship (p=0.022), but the expression of the p53 protein and the ER had no significant correlation. In conclusion, these results suggest that the expression of the p53 protein and the PR may play a role in development and growth of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. Further studies of large numbers are needed to clarify the exact relationship between tumorigenesis and the p53 and the PR expressions in leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue.
- Distinction between Reactive Mesothelial and Carcinoma Cells in Serous Effusions by Mucin- and Immuno-cytochemical Panel .
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Byung Heon Kim
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1998;9(1):1-14.
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Abstract
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- The cytologic distinction of carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells can be difficult, especially in specimens containing abundant reactive mesothelial cells and inflammatory cells with scant carcinoma cells. This study evaluates the usefulness of mucin and immunocytochemistry for discrimination between reactive mesothelial cells and carcinoma cells, and sensitivity and specificity of these stains for the detection of metastatic carcinoma in serous effusions. Immunocytochemical panel including mucin cytochemistry with the periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) reaction after or without diastase digestion was undertaken on 127 serous effusion specimens with histologically confirmed diagnoses. The specimens including cell smears and cell blocks were stained with PAS and antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), cytokeratin(CK), and vimentin. The sensitivities of these stains for metastatic carcinoma(127 cases) were 49%(46/94) in PAS, 48%(60/124) in CEA, 89%(97/109) in EMA, 88%(93/106) in CK, and 25%(20/81) in vimentin. The sensitivities of stains for reactive mesothelial cells(36 cases) were 19%(7/36) in EMA, 78%(28/36) in CK, and 75%(27/36) in vimentin. The PAS and CEA stains were not reacted with all cases of benign reactive serous effusions containing abundant reactive mesothelial cells. The specificities of stains for metastatic carcinoma(127 cases) were 100% in PAS, 100% in CEA, 81% in EMA, 22% in CK, and 25% in vimentin. The optimal combination of stains for use in a panel was PAS and CEA.
Combined results from these two stains yielded an advanced sensitivity of 8% in PAS and 4% in CEA for metastatic carcinoma. EMA wasalso cosiderably useful for identification of carcinoma cells. CK and vimentin were not suitable for distinguishing between reactive mesothelial cells and carcinoma cells.
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